Old Greek dictionaries have been invaluable resources for scholars and enthusiasts of ancient Greek language and literature for centuries. These comprehensive volumes contain a wealth of information about the language, its grammar, and its vocabulary, making them essential tools for anyone seeking to understand the works of ancient Greek authors. In this article, we will explore the history, significance, and impact of old Greek dictionaries on the study of ancient Greek.
The first known Greek dictionary was compiled by Hesychius of Alexandria in the 5th century AD. This dictionary, titled “Lexicon,” was a modest collection of Greek words and their meanings. However, it was not until the 15th century that the first major Greek dictionary was published. The “Greek and Latin Lexicon” by Erasmus of Rotterdam, known as the “Rhemastichon,” became the standard reference for Greek scholars for over two centuries.
Erasmus’s “Rhemastichon” was a groundbreaking work that included over 6,000 Greek words and their Latin equivalents. It was widely used by scholars during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, as it provided a wealth of information on the ancient Greek language. However, despite its popularity, the “Rhemastichon” was not without its flaws. Some of the definitions were incorrect, and the dictionary did not include all the words used by ancient Greek authors.
In response to the limitations of the “Rhemastichon,” several scholars began to compile their own Greek dictionaries. One of the most notable was the “Greek Lexicon” by John Liddell and Henry Stuart Jones, published in 1843. This dictionary, often referred to as the “Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon,” became the definitive reference for Greek scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries. The “Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon” included over 30,000 words and was based on extensive research into ancient Greek texts.
Another significant contribution to the field of Greek lexicography was the “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities” by William Smith, published in 1875. This dictionary, while not a traditional Greek dictionary, provided valuable information on the ancient Greek language, culture, and history. It included entries on Greek gods, heroes, and philosophers, as well as explanations of Greek terms used in Roman literature.
Old Greek dictionaries have had a profound impact on the study of ancient Greek language and literature. They have enabled scholars to understand the works of ancient Greek authors more accurately and to appreciate the nuances of the language. Moreover, these dictionaries have facilitated the translation of ancient Greek texts into modern languages, making them accessible to a broader audience.
Today, the field of Greek lexicography continues to evolve. With the advent of digital technology, scholars can access vast databases of ancient Greek texts and dictionaries online. This has made it easier to research and study Greek language and literature. However, the value of old Greek dictionaries cannot be overstated. They remain essential tools for anyone interested in the study of ancient Greek, providing a wealth of information that has stood the test of time.
In conclusion, old Greek dictionaries have played a crucial role in the study of ancient Greek language and literature. From Hesychius’s “Lexicon” to the “Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon” and beyond, these dictionaries have provided scholars with the tools they need to understand the rich tapestry of ancient Greek culture. As we continue to explore the world of ancient Greece, these dictionaries will undoubtedly remain invaluable resources for generations to come.
